ABSTRACT
To support a risk assessment of manganese exposure in two communities living within a manganese mining district a cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of the adult population of long-term residents. One community was exposed to a point source from an ore primary refining plant. Manganese is an essential mineral for human life. It is also the fourth in importance for industrial metal making. Data were collected on socioeconomic living conditions, emission sources, environmental media concentrations (air, water, soil, dust, food), respiratory symptomatology, and a neuropsychological examination (Mini-Mental Screening test, the Hooper Visual Organization test, the Ardila-Ostroski, and others). We examined 73 subjects (52 women), most of low socioeconomic status. Environmental air concentrations were 2 to 3 times higher than those in other urban concentrations. Manganese blood concentrations ranged from 7.5 to 88 microg/L, with a median concentration of 15, the upper quartile starting at 20 microg/L; the upper 10% was above 25 microg/L. Lead and manganese were highly correlated; there was an inverse relation to hemoglobin. Reduced levels of plasma lipid peroxidation were associated with blood manganese. Using multivariate logistic regression, we identified B-Mn as increasing the risk of deficient cognitive performance 12 times (Mini-Mental score of less than 17).
Subject(s)
Cognition Disorders/chemically induced , Environmental Exposure , Manganese/adverse effects , Public Health , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Industry , Lead/adverse effects , Lead/blood , Lipid Peroxidation , Male , Manganese/blood , Mexico , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Risk Assessment , Social Class , Urban PopulationSubject(s)
Human Rights , Tissue Donors , Transplantation , Canada , Humans , Mexico , Minority Groups , Puerto Rico , Socioeconomic Factors , United StatesSubject(s)
Bronchitis/etiology , Connective Tissue Diseases/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Bronchitis/metabolism , Bronchitis/pathology , Connective Tissue Diseases/metabolism , Connective Tissue Diseases/pathology , Female , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Humans , Immunoglobulins/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Radiography, ThoracicSubject(s)
National Health Programs , Social Work , Community Medicine , Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Humans , Mexico , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Prisons , Rural Health , Social Security , Social Work/organization & administration , Students, Medical , UniversitiesABSTRACT
Connective tissue diseases may be associated with both an obstructive or a restrictive ventilatory defect. RAdiographic and microscopic findings usually reveal interstitial disease. This study describes a series of 11 patients with a connective tissue disease. Radiologically an interstitial pattern was observed, however, lung biopsies disclosed a bronchiolar lesion in which no pathology could be detected in alveolar septa. Vascular lesions were present in some cases an correlated roughly with time of onset. The bronchiolar lesions had no correlation with time of onset. We conclude that "interstitial disease" diagnosed by X-rays and pulmonary function studies may in fact, be caused by thickening of bronchioles and some blood vessels.
